What is a Charter School?
Charter schools are nonsectarian public schools of choice that operate with freedom from many of the regulations that apply to traditional public schools. The "charter" establishing each such school is a performance contract detailing the school's mission, program, goals, students served, methods of assessment and ways to measure success. The length of time for which charters are granted varies, but most are granted for three to five years. At the end of this term, the entity granting the charter may renew the school's contract. Charter schools are accountable to their sponsor-- usually a state or local school board-- to produce positive academic results and adhere to the charter contract. The basic concept of charter schools is that they exercise increased autonomy in return for this accountability. They are accountable for both academic results and fiscal practices to several groups: the sponsor that grants them, the parents who choose them and the public that funds them. The governance of a charter school is with its specific Board of Directors and NOT with the sponsoring organization. The management of the charter school is “site-based” and is the responsibility of the Chief Executive Officer.
History of Charter Schools
The charter school movement has roots in a number of other reform ideas, from alternative schools, to site-based management, magnet schools, public school choice, privatization, and community-parental empowerment. The term "charter" may have originated in the 1970s when New England educator Ray Budde suggested that small groups of teachers be given contracts or "charters" by their local school boards to explore new approaches. The late Albert Shanker, former president of the AFT, then publicized the idea, suggesting that local boards could charter an entire school with union and teacher approval. In the late 1980s Philadelphia started a number of schools-within-schools and called them "charters." Some of them were schools of choice. The idea was further refined in Minnesota where charter schools were developed according to three basic values: opportunity, choice, and responsibility for results.
In 1991 Minnesota passed the first charter school law, with California following suit in 1992. By 1995, 19 states had signed laws allowing for the creation of charter schools. As of 2004, 40 states, as well as the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, have passed charter school laws. The states are: Alaska, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Charter schools are one of the fastest growing innovations in education policy, enjoying broad bipartisan support from governors, state legislators, and past and present secretaries of education. In his 1997 State of the Union Address, former President Clinton called for the creation of 3,000 charter schools by the year 2002. In 2002, President Bush called for $200 million to support charter schools. His proposed budget called for another $100 million for a new Credit Enhancement for Charter Schools Facilities Program. Since 1994, the U.S. Department of Education has provided grants to support states' charter school efforts, starting with $6 million in fiscal year 1995.
National Statistics
· Total number of charter laws: 40 states (and the District of Columbia, excluding Puerto Rico) · Total number of schools in operation: More than 4,100 (8 percent increase over the previous year) · Total number of students enrolled: More than 4,000,000
*The Public School Review 2007
How Do Charter Schools Differ From Traditional District Public Schools?
Charter schools operate on three basic principles:
- Choice: Charter schools give families an opportunity to pick the school most suitable for their child’s educational well-being. Teachers choose to create and work at schools where they directly shape the best working and learning environment for their students and themselves. Likewise, charter sponsors choose to authorize schools that are likely to best serve the needs of the students in a particular community.
- Accountability: Charter schools are judged on how well they meet the student achievement goals established by their charter contract. Charter schools must also show that they can perform according to rigorous fiscal and managerial standards. If a charter school cannot perform up to the established standards, it will be closed.
- Freedom: While charter schools must adhere to the same major laws and regulations as all other public schools, they are freed from the red tape that often diverts a school’s energy and resources away from educational excellence. Instead of constantly jumping through procedural hoops, charter school leaders can focus on setting and reaching high academic standards for their students.
· A 2004 report commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education found that charter schools are smaller than conventional public schools and serve a disproportionate and increasing number of poor and minority students. · A 2003 national report by the Brookings Institution shows that test scores at charter schools are “rising sharply” and out-gaining conventional schools. · A December 2004 Harvard University study finds that charter school students are more likely to be proficient in reading and math than students in neighboring conventional schools. The greatest achievement gains can be seen among African American, Hispanic, or low-income students. · Charter schools that have been open for significant periods of time boast even higher achievement rates; Harvard found that charter schools that have been operating for more than 5 years outpace conventional schools by as much as 15 percent.
Benefits
According to the Oklahoma Charter Schools Act (Section 42.12) passed in 1999, the purpose of Charter Schools is to:
1. Improve student learning; 2. Increase learning opportunities for students; 3. Encourage the use of different and innovative teaching methods; 4. Provide additional academic choices for parents and students; 5. Require the measurement of student learning and create different and innovative forms of measuring student learning; 6. Establish new forms of accountability for schools; and 7. Create new professional opportunities for teachers and administrators including the opportunity to be responsible for the learning program at the school site.
Finances
Charter school laws vary from state to state to some degree. The state of Oklahoma did not provide for facilities funding in its charter school law. This means facility funding must come from the per pupil allocation. Therefore, charter schools, particularly “start-up” charter schools, must rely more heavily on fundraising, grant writing, corporate partnerships and donations. As a start-up charter, ASTEC Charter Schools must also rely on these other sources of income. Other ASTEC programs also contribute financially to ASTEC Charter Schools.
Charter Schools groups have a number of fundraisers throughout the school year. All of these income-generating areas operate under the concept of “Shop ASTEC First”. ASTEC is committed to selling only those items families would be purchasing anyway. Instead of the money going to a department store or mass merchandiser, the profits return to ASTEC students and programs.
ASTEC, Inc. has a number of checks and balances regarding the accounting of its finances. The ASTEC, Inc. Board of Directors approves the annual budget upon the recommendation of the ASTEC, Inc. Financial Committee led by Dr. Jack Kimbler of Ameriprise Financial, the Financial Advisor for ASTEC, Inc.
ASTEC, Inc. employees are required to use a specific set of procedures and policies for handling and processing all expenses. The Cost Accounting System (OCAST) is used to code all expenditures that have gone through the formal request process. All non-consumable items are logged into inventory and labeled before put into use.
All monies raised by school groups, clubs and the Student/Teacher/Parent (STP) Organization are deposited in separate sub-accounts in an Activity Fund Account. Each class account and club account is carried over to the following year. In other words, the money follows the student, including their activity charge.
An annual, state approved, audit by an outside accounting firm is performed and reported to the Oklahoma State Department of Education and to the ASTEC, Inc. Board of Directors.
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| About ASTEC Charter Schools |
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Information
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Fully accredited
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Tuition-free public school of choice
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Grades 6-12
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First "start-up" charter school in Oklahoma
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Pre-Advanced Placement and Advanced Placement classes
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College preparatory
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Technology classes as daily core classes
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Full liberal arts curriculum
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Electives
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Athletics
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After school programs
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High accountability
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Character education
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Project-based
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Highly qualified faculty, staff and administration
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Uniforms required
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